Monday, May 29, 2006

Ancestor worship and honoring thy parents (#134, Topic C)

One of seven topics presented in my talk on "Issues related to translating Confucius's Analects into English" yesterday (#133) was on deliberate mistranslations by western missionaries -- beginning with the Jesuits in 1687 (when selected passages, translated into Latin, were published in Paris) and later with James Legge of the London Missionary in 1861 (when the translation, in English, was published in Hong Kong, funded by Joseph Jardine who made his fortune as an opium overlord). It was Legge who, in the process of translating Analects, introduced the term ancestor worship to English-literate readers. Trying to justify what he did, Legge later wrote a 310-page diatribe (The Religions of China, 1880), imputing, inter alia, that Confucian teachings constitute a religion. To soften his charge on the Chinese practice as ancestor worship, Legge first stated that "Both Confucianism and Christianity enjoin filial piety" (p 257) -- I challenge even this: Christianity, being a religion, may enjoin piety, as piety connotes a religious state of mind; Confucian teachings do not constitute a religion; the Chinese practice is filial reverence. As his very next sentence, Legge said: "The fundamental concept of it in the former system [Confucianism] is a ministration of support; in the latter [Christianity], a rendering of honour." This is laughable -- as to the former, it is inadequate: Confucian teachings clearly state that "provid[ing] food to their parents ... without reverence" (2.7) is insufficient and unacceptable; as to the latter, it is an overstatement: "a rendering of honor" is but four empty words. Legge went on by saying that "But Christianity has no worship of the dead, and its belief and practice in reference to them are more healthy and true than those of Confucianism" (p 259). Today being the Memorial Day, the editorial in Washington Post leads off with "Does remembrance matter?" Reading it, it suddenly dawned on me that the argument on ancestor worship (and its twin, filial piety) is but another instance of west's "Do what I say; don't do what I do;" here, semantics is used as camouflage. What people of Chinese ethnicity do is ancestor worship, which is a no no; what the west does is remembrance, a yes yes. What is/are USA remembering today? Members of the armed services who are living or those who are no longer living?

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